Ukuqondisisa
Ukuqondisisa (ngesiNgisi: Hypnosis) yisimo sengqondo esitholakala ngokuvumelana phakathi komqondisi nomuntu oqondisiwe, lapho umuntu oqondisiwe elalela imiyalelo noma iziphakamiso ngokujulile futhi enokubukeka engazweli ngokuphelele ezweni langempela. Lesi simo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukulalela okujulile noma isimo sokuqondisisa. Kuyindlela yokwelapha noma yokucwaninga esetshenziswa ngamachwepheshe ezempilo afana nogqirha, udokotela wezengqondo, kanye nosonhlalakahle ukuze kusizakale abantu ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka, ukulimala kwengqondo, noma ukuguqula imikhuba emibi.
Incazelo
Ukuqondisisa akuyona ukulala, futhi akukho amandla amakhulu angenziwa ngumqondisi kunoma ngubani. Kunalokho, kuyinqubo yokuvumelana lapho umuntu oqondisiwe evuma ukuthatha izinga eliphansi lokulawula noma ukuzibandakanya ukuze alalele iziphakamiso zomqondisi. Umuntu oqondisiwe uhlala ephapheme futhi ezwa konke okwenzekayo, futhi angakwazi ukuphikisana noma ukwenqaba iziphakamiso ezingamukeleki kuye. Inhloso ejwayelekile yokuqondisisa ukusiza umuntu ukuthi asebenzise amandla akhe okuzeluleka ukuze afeze inhloso ethile, efana nokuyeka ukubhema, ukulwa nobunzima bokulala, noma ukunciphisa izinhlungu.
Umlando
Umlando wokuqondisisa uqala emhlabeni jikelele ngamakhulu eminyaka edlule, nakuba kwakungakabi ibizwa ngalo leli gama. Abantu basendulo, kuhlanganise nezangoma zase-Afrika, basebenzise izindlela zokudonsa ingqondo, ukudansa, ukucula, noma ukusebenzisa imithi ukuze bafinyelele ezimweni ezinjengokuthi zibe yizimo zokuqondisisa noma zokuzithola. EYurophu, umuntu owayaziwa ngokuthi u-Franz Mesmer (18th century) wathuthukisa indlela yokwelapha eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-mesmerism, okuyisisekelo sesayensi yanamuhla yokuqondisisa. Kamuva, u-James Braid, udokotela waseScotland, waqamba igama elithi hypnosis ngesiNgisi ngo-1843.
ENingizimu Afrika, ukufika kokuqondisisa njengendlela yokwelapha kuhambisana nokufika kwezifundo zezempilo engqondo zaseNtshonalanga. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokwelapha ezinjengokudansa, ukucula, nokuxilongwa kwakusasetshenziswa ngamagugu endabuko ukuze kutholakale ukuxazulula izinkinga zengqondo nezomzimba. Namuhla, ukuqondisisa kuyahlanganiswa nezindlela zokwelapha zendabuko nezaseNtshonalanga ezwenikazi lonke. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-South African Society of Clinical Hypnosis (SASCH) zisebenza ukufundisa nokugunyaza abaqondisi.
Izinhlobo Zokuqondisisa
Ziningi izinhlobo zokuqondisisa, kepha ezibalulekile kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika zilezi:
- Ukuqondisisa Kokwelapha: Lolu hlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zezempilo. Lwenziwa ngogqirha, udokotela wezengqondo, noma umeluleki wezengqondo ofundele ukusebenzisa le ndlela. Kuqukatha ukwelapha ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba okungajwayelekile, ukulimala kwengqondo ngenxa yezimo ezinzima, kanye nokunciphisa izinhlungu.
- Ukuqondisisa Kwezemfundo Nokuqeqesha: Lolu hlobo lugxile ekusizeni abantu ukuthi baguqule imikhuba noma bathuthukise amakhono. Kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo, ekukhuliseni ukuzethemba, nasekuqeqesheni abasubathi noma abadlali bezemidlalo ukuthi bakwazi ukugcina ukugxila okukhulu.
- Ukuqondisisa Lokubuyela Emuva: Lolu luhlobo oluthandwayo oluhlose ukusiza umuntu ukuthi abuyele ezimweni zangaphambilini ezingekho ephakadeni, kungenzeka zibe zesikhathi sobungane noma zangaphambilini kokuzalwa, ukuze kutholakale incazelo yezinkinga zamanje. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo luyadingida kakhulu futhi aluvunyelwe yisonke sadokotela.
- Ukuqondisisa Kwangasese: Lokhu kwenziwa ngumuntu eyedwa, evame ukusebenzisa amakhasi okulalela noma imiyalelo ekhulunywa (ama-audiobook) ukuze azeluleke ngokwakhe. Kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka noma ekutholeni ukukhululeka ngokomzimba.
Ucwaningo Lwesayensi
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwezinguquko zengqondo seluveza ukuthi ukuqondisisa luyasebenza. Izithombe ze-neuroimaging zibonisa ukuthi lapho umuntu esesimweni sokuqondisisa, kunezinguquko ezithile ezingqondweni ezibandakanya izingxenye ezithinta ukugxila, ukukhumbula, nokuzibona. Ukuqondisisa kungasebenza njengendlela yokunciphisa izinhlungu ngaphandle komuthi, futhi kuyindlela esebenzayo yokulwa nokukhathazeka nokwesaba.
Kodwa-ke, abanye abacwaningi basala benombuzo ngamandla awo wokuguqula inkumbulo noma ukwenza izinto umuntu angafuni ukuzenza. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqondisisa lwenziwe ngumuntu ofundile nophethe isazisi sokukwenza, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganisa ukubuyela emuva noma ukucacisa izinkumbulo ezifihlakele.
Izicelo Zokuqondisisa
Izicelo zokuqondisisa eNingizimu Afrika zibanzi futhi zihlanganisa:
- Ukulwa nezifo zengqondo: ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukungaziphathi kahle ngenxa yentukuthelo.
- Ukulwa nezimonyo, njengokubhema, ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile, noma ukudla okungafanele.
- Ukulawula izinhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezokwelapha izilonda noma ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukusiza abantu abanesifo se-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) noma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yingcindezi.
- Ukusiza abantu abanezinkinga zocansi.
- Ukusiza abantu abanesifo sokulahlekelwa isithunzi noma ukungazethembi.
- Ukusiza abafundi noma abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile kangcono futhi banciphise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuhlolwa.
Isimo Somthetho eNingizimu Afrika
Ezingeni likazwelonke, akukho umthetho ocacisa ngokuphelele ukuthi ubani ofanele noma ongekafanele enze ukuqondisisa. Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano ezifana ne-Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) zilawula abasebenzi bezempilo abagunyaziwe, njengodokotela bezengqondo kanye nogqirha. Uma ukuqondisisa lwenziwa njengengxenye yokwelapha ngumuntu ofakwe ohlwini lwe-HPCSA, kuyahambisana nemigomo yezempilo.
Uma umuntu engenayo iziqu zezempilo kepha efundise ukuqondisa, kufanele akwazi ukucacisa kahle kubantu ukuthi akayena udokotela, futhi kufanele angazibandakanyi nokwelapha izifo ezingokoqobo. Ukusebenzisa ukuqondisisa ukuze kutholakale inzuzo ngokweqile noma ukukhohlisa abantu kungaholela ecaleni lomthetho. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ofuna usizo lokuqondisisa ahlole iziqinisekiso zomqondisi kanye nobungcweti bakhe.
Izimo Nokubukwa Kwamasiko
ENingizimu Afrika, ukuqondisisa kubukwa ngezindlela ezahlukene ngokwamasiko nenkolo. Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanamathuba ezemfundo, babona ukuqondisisa njengendlela yokwelapha esekelwe kwisayensi futhi bayayamukela. Kunezinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenzisa ukuqondisisa ukuze zisize abasebenzi bazo ekulweni nokucindezeleka.
Kodwa-ke, kwabanye, ikakhulukazi emakhaya, kukhona ukungabaza noma ukwesaba ukuqondisisa. Lokhu kungabangelwa amasiko nenkolo, lapho izimo ezinjengalezi zihlotshaniswa namandla amabi noma ukuthakathwa. Abanye bangakubuka njengendlela yaseNtshonalanga engahambisani nezindlela zokwelapha zendabuko. Kanti futhi, ukusebenzisa amagama afana nokuthi "ukubamba umuntu" noma "ukudlala ngengqondo" kungadala umbono oyiphutha ngomsebenzi wokuqondisisa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi kunikezwe ulwazi olujulile emphakathini ukuze kuqedwe lezi zingqondo, futhi kwaziswe abantu ngobungozi bokuqondisisa okwenziwa ngabangafanele.
Abaqondisi Abadumile BaseNingizimu Afrika
- uDr. David Patient: Umkhulumeli odumile wezempilo owasebenzisa izindlela ezihlanganisa ukuqondisisa ekulweni nesandulela ngculazi kanye nokuxhasa abagulayo.
- uMnumzane Kevin Fleischer: Ungumpetha wezengqondo osebenza eGoli, odume ngokusebenzisa ukuqondisisa ekulweni nokukhathazeka nokwesaba okukhulu.
- uNkosazana Judy Brower: Umqondisi wezemidlalo osebenzisane nabadlali bezemidlalo abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika ukubasiza ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wabo ngokomqondo.
- Izinhlangano ezifana ne-South African Hypnosis Corporation ne-The Hypnosis Motivation Institute (eGoli) zihlinzeka ngezifundo nokuqeqeshwa kwabaqondisa abasha.